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توضیحات

Having felt the difficulty that students of TEFL experience in understanding the key concepts in testing, we have attempted to benefit from our experience as university teachers to use a very simple language in writing a book which can familiarize graduate students with the key concepts and terms in language testing. For simplicity’s sake, the concepts have been presented in the form of questions and answers. It is hoped that the book will give the students of applied linguistics a chance to see language testing in a new light. Your suggestions and constructive criticisms will definitely be taken into account in future reprints of the book.

نمونه متن کتاب :

1- What is the difference between a norm-referenced test and a criterion-referenced test?

A norm-referenced test (NRT) measures global language abilities such as overall English language proficiency, academic listening ability, reading comprehension and so on.

A criterion-referenced test (CRT), on the other hand, measures specific objectives related to a particular course, program, school, district, or state. NRT and CRT are distinguished by the following differences:

1- Type of interpretation: In NRT, a relative interpretation is made of the student’s performance, that is, the student’s performance is compared to all students’ scores in percentile terms. In contrast, in CRT, the student’s score is interpreted absolutely. The student’s performance is compared only to the amount or percentage of materials learned.

2- Type of measurement: While an NRT is used to measure general language abilities, a CRT measures specific objectives-based language points.

3- Purpose of testing: An NRT aims at spreading students out along a continuum of general abilities, but a CRT seeks to assess the amount of materials learned by each student.

4- Distribution of scores: In an NRT, scores are normally distributed around a mean, but this is not true about CRT scores.